A Bit of History: Hammer of the Witches

The Malleus Maleficarum (commonly rendered into English as “Hammer of [the] Witches”; Der Hexenhammer in German) is a treatise on the prosecution of witches, written in 1486 by Heinrich Kramer, a German Catholic clergyman. The book was first published in Speyer, Germany, in 1487. Jacob Sprenger is also often attributed as an author, but some scholars now believe that he became associated with the Malleus Maleficarum largely as a result of Kramer’s wish to lend his book as much official authority as possible. Both purported writers of the work were Dominican clergy, and the work came about as “the result of a peculiarly Dominican encounter between learned and folk traditions, an encounter determined in part by the demands of inquisitorial office, and in part by the requirements of effective preaching and pastoral care.”Template:Broedel In 1490, three years after its publication, the Catholic Church condemned the Malleus Maleficarum, although it was later used by royal courts during the Renaissance, and contributed to the increasingly brutal prosecution of witchcraft during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Kramer wrote the Malleus shortly after being expelled from Innsbruck by the local bishop after a failed attempt to conduct his own witchcraft prosecution. Kramer’s purpose in writing the book was to explain his own views on witchcraft, systematically refute arguments claiming that witchcraft does not exist, discredit those who expressed skepticism about its reality, claim that those who practised witchcraft were more often women than men, and to convince magistrates to use Kramer’s recommended procedures for finding and convicting witches.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malleus_Maleficarum

malleus_cover

The Malleus Maleficarum (via Sacred Texts)

Normally for our Coven the Malleus Maleficarum only holds importance during Samhein for two reasons: Remembering of our ancestors, and the death of innocent people at the hands of fanaticism, ignorance and discrimination regardless if they were pagan or not.  A very beautiful and symbolic ritual of remembrance was created by one of the Elders around these events.

History is not always pleasant, and magick/witchcraft is not always fairies, rainbows and red wine reflecting the light of the Lady upon its surface.  People tend to forget these things to quickly, and then scoff at Covens who hold some Secrets for the sake of Tradition.  The Burning Times are the darkest patch in the History of Witchcraft, and it is in honour of it that Covens like mine hold some Secrets (usually just the identity of members).  We still live in a world full of Religious Fanatics and as open and free we can be now, the dangers still exist.  However not in the form of a stake and a fire, but home made explosives.  I guess the most common saying around major losses and times of war hold ground here…

LEST WE FORGET!

And in the words spoken by the High Priestess of my Coven at Samhein… “Never again, The Burning Times”.

Drawing Down the Moon

In my opinion there are two mains ways to bring an increase of “light” or “energy” into your body.  One is to bring it down from a higher source, external of the physical self and the other is to awaken it from within you and raise it up.  There is a third way, which I will briefly mention in this introduction and you can look up further later.

The First Method of bringing “down” is what we are going to be working with in this post.

The Second Method of raising up, is used in practices such as Yoga.  Where the lower chakra is awaked, the serpent uncoils and winds its way up the remaining six chakras to awaken them all.

The Third is a method from Konstantinos’ Nocturnal Witchcraft, where it uses it as a “Quick Energy Raising” technique.  It works quite well, however, without a banishing, in the words of another occultist “you appear as a flash of white light to the dark entities”.  This flash of white light is emotional energy which they are said to feed on.  A properly consecrated building will keep them out, as these sorts of things can be quite distracting when knocking stuff around or appearing as black shadows rushing about outside your circle.

Drawing Down the Moon

What is “Drawing Down the Moon”?

If I command the moon, it will come down;” (Guiley, 1989, p. 107).  This quote about the Ancient Thessalian Witches[1] goes far to explain the following material, and is the basis of the exercise.

Drawing down the Moon is now commonly known in Gardnerian Tradition and Alexandrian Tradition Wicca covens as a group/coven exercise.  Gardnerian Tradition Wicca’s ritual of Drawing down the moon is as follows:

High Priestess stands in front of Altar, assumes Goddess position (arms crossed). Magus, kneeling in front of her, draws pentacle on her body with Phallus-headed Wand, invokes, “I Invoke and beseech Thee, O mighty Mother of all life and fertility. By seed and root, by stem and bud, by leaf and flower and fruit, by Life and Love, do I invoke Thee to descend into the body of thy servant and High Priestess [name].” The Moon having been drawn down, i.e., link established, Magus and other men give Fivefold Kiss:

(kissing feet) “Blessed be thy feet, that have brought thee in these ways”;

(kissing knees) “Blessed be thy knees, that shall kneel at the sacred altar”;

(kissing womb) “Blessed be thy womb, without which we would not be”;

(kissing breasts) “Blessed be thy breasts, formed in beauty and in strength”;

(kissing lips) “Blessed be thy lips, that shall speak the sacred names.”

Women all bow.

If there be an initiation, then at this time the Magus and the High Priestess in Goddess position (Arms Crossed) says the Charge while the Initiate stands outside the circle.  (Gardner, 1949, p. 5).

Alexandrian Tradition Wicca’s ritual of Drawing down the moon is similar, and is:

Drawing Down the Moon

Needs:

  • Wand, Scourge, Priestess’ Athame
  • Priest, Priestess

Follows:  Casting Circle, Witches’ Rune

Next:  The Charge

HPS stands in God position in N. before altar, holding scourge and athame.  Coveners are in S. facing altar.  HP kneels before HPS and salutes her with the Fivefold kiss (as he kisses her womb, she opens into blessing position).  HP again kneels before HPS who stands in Goddess positon (right foot slightly forward). HP invokes the Goddess, saying:

HP:

I invoke thee and call upon thee,

Mighty Mother of us all,               (touch right breast)

bringer of all fruitfulness;             (touch left breast)

by seed and root,                             (touch womb)

by stem and bud,                             (touch right breast)

by leaf and flower and fruit,

by life and love                                  (touch womb)

do I invoke                                          (raising wand)

thee to descend upon the body

of this thy servant and priestess.

Here, speak with her tongue,

touch with her hands,

kiss with her lips,

that thy servants may be fulfilled.

As he invokes, HP touches HPS gently with wand upon r. breast, l. breast, womb and upon the same three places again.  As he finishes the invocation, he spreads his arms in adoration (still kneeling) and says:

HP:

Hail, Aradia ! From the Amalthean Horn

Pour forth thy store of love; I lowly bend

Before thee, I adore thee to the end,

With loving sacrifice thy shrine adorn.

Thy foot is to my lip [kiss], my prayers upborne

Upon the rising incense smoke; then spend

Thine ancient love, O Mighty One, descend

To aid me, who without thee am forlorn.

HP stands and takes a step back. All adore in silence as HPS traces invoking Earth pentagram in air before them with athame, saying:

HPS:

Of the Mother, darksome and divine,

Mine the scourge, and mine the kiss,

The five-point star of love and bliss –

Here I charge you, in this sign.

This completes Drawing Down the Moon. HPS and HP now face the Coven and deliver the Charge.  (Sopia, Unknown, p. 56)

When you read these rituals it gives rise to the questions of “Sex magick” and eroticism in general.  And when you look at Ogden’s Magic, Witchcraft, and Ghosts in the Greek and Roman Worlds you begin to see the quote “It is drawn down for the purpose of erotic attraction magic.” (p. 236) in relation to the modern Wiccan rituals.  But the symbolism in the ritual is what is important not the aspects which seem sexual.

These rituals in their complete forms are not the same as the exercise which will be covered in this post, but an important aspect still remains; the drawing into oneself, the Goddess in the form of the full moon.

Now, here comes the twist!  When I refer to “Drawing down the Moon”, the key word is “Drawing”.  Simon Craft in his book Maiden Moon: Advanced Wicca 101 says “Drawing Energy is literally tapping into a source of energy and pulling it to you. Anything that has energy can be drawn from.” (Craft, 2003, p. 118) From the perspective of the student of Wicca we are drawing energy from the Goddess in the form of the full moon.  The oddity here, is that we can Draw down the moon, without the presence of the Moon… make sense?  Maybe not, however, lets continue and it should all soon.

 

The Method

  1. Outside, stand facing the moon.  The height in the sky is not important, just insure that if you look up you can still see it without moving from your position. (Do if there is a Full Moon, otherwise stand wherever you wish)
  2. Standup straight, straight back, hands relaxed at your sides and feet about shoulder width apart (feet placement ensures stability during the exercise).
  3. Close your eyes, with your back straight so your face is looking forward.
  4. Breath slow and rhythmically.  Deep but comfortably, do not strain during inhales, exhales or holds.  Do this for a chosen number of times, however many it takes for you to feel relaxed.  Usually after meditating for a while, you can just think of the meditative state and in about 3 or 4, rhythmic breaths are you feeling quite relaxed.
  5. Open your eyes and gaze at the moon, do these gently and few a few seconds, then close your eyes again.  (Do this if using the full moon for inspiration, if not replace it with a glowing bright white light)
  6. With your eyes closed, visualise the moon as you saw her, but in a position above your head.
  7. When this visualisation is strong, see her alone in the darken sky and see her light growing stronger.  When you have this visualisation construct and easily maintained…
  8. Slowly raise your arms up toward her.  From your side, keeping your elbows straight, as you are making a big circle around you.
  9. When your arms are in direct line with your shoulders, so you are forming a human cross or little letter “t”.  Slowly begin to tilt your head back as your raise your arms to a “V” position, which would be like having one hand at the 11 o’clock position and the other at the 1 o’clock position.
  10. In the “V” position, turn your palms out, like you are about to catch a giant beach ball.
  11. When your palms are turned out, visualise the light of the moon beginning to touch them, feel what ever sensations come.
  12. Breath in, slowly and deeply, and as you do so, Feel the light being to enter your palms at the centre and slowly fill your hands to the wrist with this white light.
  13. Breath out, slowly and relaxed.  See the light intensify, and observe and accept any sensations which you physical feel.
  14. Turn your palms again, so your fingers are pointing toward each other.  As you breath in again, slowly and deeply, bring your hands down inline with your shoulders again, forming the little letter “t”, as you lower your arms also bring your head back to the looking forward, straight back, position.  As you lower your arms and are breathing in, see a shaft of light coming down from the source of light which filled your hands, it stays in level with your hands.  When it comes into contact with the crown of your head, feel it, see it.  As you lowers through your head see your entire head filled with light, as it lowers through you neck, see both your head and neck filled with light.  See the light slowly moving down with your arms, filling you, until your arms are in line with the shoulders.
  15. See the light fill to your chest, them see and feel it rush through your arms to connect with your hands.
  16. As you breath-out, see this light you have drawn glow brighter, feel its presence.  Reaffirm the visualisation.  And see the light filling like a bright ball at the crown of your head and in your chest where you sternum is.  Connecting the two is the shaft of light, but the light is throughout your body where you have drawn it to.  Just be aware they are connected by the light.
  17. Breath in again, and as you breath in, lower your arms until they are at your sides.  Visualise the light moving down through your torso, reaching the base of your spine, filling your abdomen, waist, including your genitals, to the top of your legs.  Become aware that the ground below your is also black, like the sky that was around the moon.
  18. Breath out and see all the previous visualisations.  See your body filled with light to the base of your spine, see the spheres of light on the crown of your head, at your heart and now begin to see one at the base of the spine, where the genitals are.
  19. As you breath in again, visualise the light racing through your legs, rushing to connect to the black earth below.  As it does see it fill your legs with the same light.
  20. Once this is done, focus solely on your body, and how it is filled with light, glowing bright.  Do a few rhythmic breaths seeing your body fill and glowing.  Now move on to whatever work you were going to do.

There is a bit of symbolism in this little ritual:

  • The first is that of the Full Moon.Rather than seeing the Full Moon as purely Feminine, it is seen by some to be the Union of the God and Goddess.  The Suns light on the maximum possible of the Moons surface: the total unity of the God and Goddess.  So you are drawing in a balance of both powers.  We have used this as a preparation for a few exercises which require the construction of the body of light and with assuming the roles of Goddesses and Gods in rituals.  By seeing it as drawing both powers, we have a preparation the minds of the individuals that one can assume both a Goddess and God form regardless of Gender.  A male can be the Warrior Goddess Athena, just as a female can be the Egyptian God of the Underworld Anubis.
  • The raising of the arms to a “V” position.  The V has three forms of symbolism in regards to the Goddess.  One is the “V” shape of the arms is a the Cup and the body is the stem.  The cup of which holds the element of Water, which is feminine and also attributed to the Moon.  The letter “V” also represents “Virgo the Virgin” which draws back to the previous symbolism of the Full Moon being a unity of the God and Goddess, the unity of a lovers embrace.  Going from the, what is referred to as the Maiden phase (waxing moon) of the Virgin, to the Mother phase (Full Moon).  The “V” finally represents the female reproductive organs.  If one were to create a downward pointing triangle with both their hands and place the thumbs on the “pubic line” (as I shall call it, and you can also do this if your male), this is the area where the female reproductive organs all fit when not pregnant.  Recoiling the thumbs we form the letter “V”.  The Earth is considered the Womb of our Great Mother.  The Earth is a feminine element and is also attributed to the Goddess.  The “V” in this sense symbolises our bringing of the light down to the Earth, through us.
  • By turning your palms as if you were catching a beach ball, you are symbolising openness.  As if one were to embrace or hug another.  You are opening yourself to the Goddess and to the receiving of her gift.
  • The symbolism of the Cross or little letter “t” is the symbol of humanity.  It is us, in a similar gesture to the previously mentioned… open and embracing.  It also symbolises in this ritual a direct connection with the divine.  On one side, if imagined is severity (cruelty) and the other mercy (weakness), balanced in between stands ourselves.  A direct path from Earth up to the divine is straight.  This represents our desire to be balanced, to not be cruel, but to not be weak, to be neither but rather both in their strengths and positive forms.  I guess, to not burn other religions at the stake for not following us, but at the same time not allowing others to oppress us, if that helps illustrate it.
  • The spheres are significant as focal points.  Though in Yoga you will be familiar with seven, in this exercise we only use three.  The Crown is used as the entry point, our connection with this divine source.  Our heart centre is used as this is our connection with our arms, as well as the centre of the previously mentioned cross.  The base of the spine sphere is used as our connection to the legs, which is our direct connection to the Earth.  All three of these correspond to three of the seven chakras used in Yoga, so it is not too far of a “stretch” for those who practice it.
  • The rushing of the light to meet the Earth.  Opposites attract, is one of the symbolic purposes.  The Earth being Dark, being a “earth” if we think in electrical terms.  Light and Dark are opposites so they attract, however in this sense both are forms of the Goddess.  The Moon controlling the tides: Water and the Earth, well, being the Earth.  “Like attracts Like” it is the Goddess unifying with herself.  The other symbolic use of this rushing to unite with the Earth is to remind us that this “light” is borrowed, we are filling our bodies while it rushes from the Goddess in one form to the Goddess in another, we have merely acted as a channel while taking our commission for making the connection.  Don’t worry about the literal sense of taking a “commission”, it is believed that all the energy returns to its source (part of the point of magick).

 

References:

  • Guiley, R. (1989). The Encyclopedia of Witches and Witchcraft. New York, United State of America: Facts On File, Inc.
  • Ogden, D. (2002). Magic, Witchcraft, and Ghosts in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Sourcebook. New York, United States of America: Oxford University Press.
  • Gardner, G. (1949). The Gardnerian Book of Shadows. Unknown
  • Sopia, S. (Unknown). THE PUBLIC DOMAIN VERSION OF The Alexandrian Book of Shadows. Unknown

 

 

[1] For more information on the Thessalian Witches in regards to “Drawing Down the Moon” (Ogden, 2002, p. 236). Refer to reference list.

Free Resources: Maiden Moon & Dragon Tradition Book of Shadows

Maiden Moon: An Advanced Wicca 101
and A New Walk Down an Old Path: Dragon Tradition Wicca
– Simon Craft

I have heard both postive and negative remarks regarding these works.  Regardless, they where fundamental to my priliminary steps into the world of the craft.

I had extreme difficulty finding them online.  After I ransacked a bunch of my backups, I was lucky enough to find a copy of each.  It is a shame however, that the second work of Wicca I came across I couldn’t save, as it was a website: Wicca for Beginners.

However, even after online Yahoo! chats with Wiccans and joining physical groups and even a coven, these two works (the third and fourth I read) played a important role in my intial interest in the Craft.

 

Maiden Moon: An Advanced Wicca 101 ([PDF] – Download)

maidenmoon

The Preface of the PDF…
“The title ‘Maiden Moon’ is a reference to the Goddess in Maiden form. It was chosen with respect to her symbolism of growth and idealism. It is hoped that the spirit of your entrance into Wicca will be the same.

Maiden Moon is a self-study guide for dedication into Wicca. It is not the ultimate resource on Wicca, nor is it meant to be. The teachings included are sufficiently broad to present Wicca with minimal bias. It is possible to use this book as an entrance to eclectic practice or any Wiccan tradition and apply what you have learned.

You will likely find that Maiden Moon is quite different from most modern (1990s+) books on Wicca. This book covers Wicca in all three forms namely: Eclectic, Reformed Traditional, and Orthodox Traditional. Most of today’s books only cover Eclectic Wicca and as such, present an incomplete and seriously biased teaching. Another difference is that Maiden Moon is quite open about issues commonly avoided by modern authors who overlook sensitive issues under the guise of being politically correct. When given the responsibility of honestly teaching Wicca, I cannot and will not overlook such issues.

I will not apologize if this book is more difficult than most. Wicca is a participatory religion that requires effort and self-discipline to learn. If you want a soft friendly “Easy Wicca in Ten Minutes” then this book is not for you.

On a final note, please be aware that I am not trying to push you into Wicca; in fact, quite the opposite is true. If Wicca does not fit you personally, then keep looking for what does fit. It is not my place to tell you what to believe.

Best Wishes,
Simon Craft”

[PDF – 1.74MB] MaidenMoon.pdf – Download

 

A New Walk Down an Old Path: Dragon Tradition Wicca ([PDF] – Download)

dragontradition

The Books Preface…
“Dragons are commonly symbolic of honor, strength and transformation. Dragon Tradition was created to fill the need for a Wiccan tradition that fits the spirit and encourages eclectic choice. It was named Dragon Tradition as a new tradition with an attitude of strength, honor, self-determination, and confidence.

You will find that Dragon Tradition is not buried in strict archaic rules or swimming in medieval mumbo-jumbo. Dragon Tradition embraces nature and magick in a way that is truly Wiccan and yet is flexible and clearly defined.

Dragon Tradition teaches how to be eclectic in beliefs and ritual practice without losing touch with the spirit of Wicca. In breaking from the norm of strict circle work and degree hierarchy, we feel we bring a much happier and cleaner energy to the circle.

Church of Magick serves as the central organization for Dragon Tradition providing members with the support and representation of a legally recognized Wiccan church. It is time for Wiccan traditions to be organized and speak for themselves rather than allow the confused all-inclusive voice of Wicca to speak for them.

Long live the Dragon!

– Simon Craft”

[PDF – 689KB] DragonTradition.pdf – Download

Two Books with a Historical Look on Witchcraft

The first is Aradia or the Gospel of the Witches by Charles L. Leland, and the second is The Witchcult in Western Europe by Margaret Alice Murray. Both of these books give a perspective of Witchcraft prior to Gardner’s release of Wicca in the 1950’s.

Aradia or The Gospel of the Witches
Aradia
Below is a description of the book from Amazon, and below that are three links to different forms of the book. Including two FREE versions.
“Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches is a book composed by the American folklorist Charles Leland that was published in 1899. It contains what he believed was the religious text of a group of pagan witches in Tuscany, Italy that documented their beliefs and rituals, although various historians and folklorists have disputed the existence of such a group. In the 20th century, the book was very influential in the development of the contemporary Pagan religion of Wicca. The book is a composite. Some of it is Leland’s translation into English of an original Italian manuscript, the Vangelo (gospel). Leland reported receiving the manuscript from his primary informant on Italian witchcraft beliefs, a woman Leland referred to as “Maddalena” and whom he called his “witch informant” in Italy. The rest of the material comes from Leland’s research on Italian folklore and traditions, including other related material from Maddalena. Leland had been informed of the Vangelo’s existence in 1886, but it took Maddalena eleven years to provide him with a copy. After translating and editing the material, it took another two years for the book to be published. Its fifteen chapters portray the origins, beliefs, rituals, and spells of an Italian pagan witchcraft tradition. The central figure of that religion is the goddess Aradia, who came to Earth to teach the practice of witchcraft to peasants in order for them to oppose their feudal oppressors and the Roman Catholic Church.”

FREE Resources
[PDF] Aradia or The Gospel of the Witches
[HTML] Aradia or The Gospel of the Witches
Hard-Copy Purchasable
[BUY] Aradia: The Gospel of the Witches (NOTE: there are more copies of Aradia on Amazon).

The Witchcult in Western Europe
witchcult
Below is a description of the book from Amazon, and below that are three links to different forms of the book. Including two FREE versions.
“The Witch-Cult in Western Europe [..] is the first of several publications wherein Margaret Murray expounded her controversial literal interpretation of the Witch trial evidence. Not for the squeamish or the linguistically challenged, the book presents extensive quotes from courtroom documents and other texts describing the alledged going-ons inside the Witch-Cult. Important Note: nothing described in this book should be taken as representative of contemporary Neopagan practice. The Witch-Cult in Western Europe has long passages in archaic English, French and German with the original spelling preserved. Readers who want to get an overview of Murrays’ ideas without wading through this admittedly opaque work should start with her popularization, God of the Witches.”

FREE Resources
[PDF] The Witch Cult in Western Europe
[HTML] The Witch-Cult in Western Europe
Hard-Copy Purchasable
[BUY] The Witch-Cult in Western Europe (NOTE: there are more copies of The Witch-Cult in Western Europe on Amazon).